Name and explain 2 different representation forms of NLP.

Name and explain 2 different representation forms of NLP.

Frames

- cluster of facts and objects about some typical object, situation, or action, along with specific strategies of inference for reasoning about such a situation,

Ontologies

– extract corresponding domain's terms and relationships between those concepts

-Defines a common vocabulary/ common understanding

What is the meaning of context-free grammar for NLP?

What is the meaning of context-free grammar for NLP?

set of production rules that describe all possible strings

in a given formal language

Exp.:

sentence -> noun-phrase, verb-phrase.

noun-phrase -> determine, noun.

verb-phrase -> verb

noun -> fox

verb -> runs

What means PoS tagging for sentences?

What means PoS tagging for sentences?

- part-of-speech tagging

- The process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech

- Is based on both its definition and its context — i.e., its relationship with adjacent and related words in a phrase, sentence, or paragraph.

- A simplified form of this is commonly taught to school-age children, in the identification of words as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.

What are different aspects of a Text Analysis or Generation?

What are different aspects of a Text Analysis or Generation?

Syntax, structure of sentences (role of the words), Grammar (set of rules, principles and processes)

Semantics, meaning of words and combination of words (to meaningful phrases and sentences)

- done by mapping syntactic structures and objects in the task domain

Morphology, form construction of words

- Stem – the smallest meaningful unit for a word – untouchable (from untouchable-s)

- Root – does not have a prefix or a suffix before or after the word (Touch (from Un- touch-able-s))

- Base is any form to which affixes can be added which change the meaning of the word (book – booking)

Lexicon

- the study of words, their nature and meaning

- a collection of information about the words

- usually structured as a collection of lexical entries ( like ”run" N V Adj, Adv).

- what form the verb takes, e.g., present participle (the form base +ing), or presence, past tense, future tense

Pragmatics – situation / context analysis

- interpreting what it actually meant.

- involves deriving those aspects of language, which require real world knowledge

What is a parser and a parsing tree and what are they used for?

What is a parser and a parsing tree and what are they used for?

- Parser is a program, works out the grammatical structure of sentences

- arranging words in a manner that shows the syntactic relationships among the words

- Parse Tree is a ordered, rooted tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some context-free grammar

- the basis for creating a pars tree are phrase structure grammars or dependency grammars

Explain what a finite state machine is and what it got to do with Natural Language Processing.

Explain what a finite state machine is and what it got to do with Natural Language Processing.

- It is an abstract machine that can be in exactly one of a finite number of states at any given time

- can change from one state to another in response to some external inputs and/or a condition is satisfied; the change from one state to another is called a transition

What is Natural Language Processing?

What is Natural Language Processing?

- Methods of interacting with computers

- deriving meaning from input, parsing, and provide information by output generation.

The ultimate goal:

- build software that analyzes, understands and generates human languages naturally