What test do we use if population variances are known?
Answer: z-test: two sample for means
What is an alternative step to the critical value comparison?
What is an alternative step to the critical value comparison?
Answer: compare the p-value to alpha
What do we do if the test statistic is in the non rejection region?
What do we do if the test statistic is in the non rejection region?
Answer: We fail to reject the null hypothesis
What do we do if the test statistic falls into a rejection region?
What do we do if the test statistic falls into a rejection region?
Answer: we reject the null hypothesis
What does the critical value do?
What does the critical value do?
Answer: Divides the sampling distribution into a rejection region and a non rejection region
How do know if we reject or fail to reject?
How do know if we reject or fail to reject?
Answer: We need to compare the test statistic to the critical value
We want the power of the test to be ___.
We want the power of the test to be ___.
Answer: High
The use of data to understand past and current business performance and make well informed decisions
The use of data to understand past and current business performance and make well informed decisions
Answer: Descriptive analytics
Getting a list of objects in the current workspace is done using what command?
Getting a list of objects in the current workspace is done using what command?
Answer: obj()
Which of the following will produce the square root of the number 65?
Which of the following will produce the square root of the number 65?
Answer: sqrt(65)
What is the c() function in R?
What is the c() function in R?
Answer: Concatenate (combine)
What assigned the calculation 4 multiples by 3 to the variable z?
What assigned the calculation 4 multiples by 3 to the variable z?
Answer: z<-4*3
If you want to plot a bar chart, which of the following functions would you use?
If you want to plot a bar chart, which of the following functions would you use?
Answer: plot
In order to add rows to a data frame, which function is the most appropriate?
In order to add rows to a data frame, which function is the most appropriate?
Answer: rbind
To compare two means, what is the best function to use?
To compare two means, what is the best function to use?
Answer: t.test
What is the value of the expression 2+NA
What is the value of the expression 2+NA
Answer: NA
To select two columns from a data frame called Clients, which of the following expressions is correct?
To select two columns from a data frame called Clients, which of the following expressions is correct?
Answer: Clients[,c(1,2)]
The expression 2**4 returns
The expression 2**4 returns
Answer: 16
When a query is successfully executed in Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio, the number of rows in the query result is indicated:
When a query is successfully executed in Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio, the number of rows in the query result is indicated:
Answer: on the right end of the yellow bar at the bottom of the screen
In SSMS, when viewing the list of columns for a table in the object explorer, the field that if the primary key is identified by
In SSMS, when viewing the list of columns for a table in the object explorer, the field that if the primary key is identified by
Answer: an upside down yellow key to the left of the field and "PK" in parentheses to the right of the field
To import an Excel table into Access, where would go?
To import an Excel table into Access, where would go?
Answer: External Data
In Access, what is true for two tables to be joined with another
In Access, what is true for two tables to be joined with another
Answer: There must be a common field with the same data type between the two tables
In the query design mode (Access), what can be entered into the "criteria" section for a "customer name" field that will result in a listing of all customer names beginning with the letter A?
In the query design mode (Access), what can be entered into the "criteria" section for a "customer name" field that will result in a listing of all customer names beginning with the letter A?
Answer: Like "A*"
How do you ensure a certain field will always have a value in access?
How do you ensure a certain field will always have a value in access?
Answer: change the "required" property to "yes"
What data type in Access results in the field automatically being assigned the next higher number when a new record is created?
What data type in Access results in the field automatically being assigned the next higher number when a new record is created?
Answer: AutoNumber
In access, what is the primary key field identified by when in design view?
In access, what is the primary key field identified by when in design view?
Answer: an upside down yellow key to the left of the field
What test would be used to determine if two categorical variables are independent?
What test would be used to determine if two categorical variables are independent?
Answer: Chi-square test
The variable of interest is called a
The variable of interest is called a
Answer: factor
What is true about the value of the power of the test?
What is true about the value of the power of the test?
Answer: small sample sizes generate a low value of the power of the test
What is the initial step in conducting a hypothesis test
What is the initial step in conducting a hypothesis test
Answer: identifying the population parameter
What is true when using the ANOVA tool in Excel?
What is true when using the ANOVA tool in Excel?
Answer: The input range must be a rectangular region that contains all data
What is true about the rejection region?
What is true about the rejection region?
Answer: the rejection region occurs in the tails of the sampling distribution of the test statistic
For a one-tailed test, the critical value
For a one-tailed test, the critical value
Answer: helps determine if the test statistic falls in the rejection region or not
What is the power of the test?
What is the power of the test?
Answer: 1-Beta
What is a type II error?
What is a type II error?
Answer: incorrectly fails to reject an actually false null hypothesis
What is a type I error?
What is a type I error?
Answer: the null hypothesis is actually true, but the hypothesis test incorrectly rejects it
What is an existing theory or belief?
What is an existing theory or belief?
Answer: null hypothesis
What is true of a logistic regression as a classifying method?
What is true of a logistic regression as a classifying method?
Answer: Its dependent variable is always categorical
In a k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm, similarity of records is based on the
In a k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm, similarity of records is based on the
Answer: closeness of a record to numerical predictors in the other records
What is the distance between two clusters in a complete linkage clustering?
What is the distance between two clusters in a complete linkage clustering?
Answer: the distance between the most distant pair of objects, one from each group
T or F. Lagging and leading measures in cause-and-effect modeling are uncorrelated.
T or F. Lagging and leading measures in cause-and-effect modeling are uncorrelated.
Answer: False
What is true of random partitioning?
What is true of random partitioning?
Answer: It can contain any non-negative value from the observations
What type of data set provides the most realistic estimate of the performance of a model on completely unseen data?
What type of data set provides the most realistic estimate of the performance of a model on completely unseen data?
Answer: test data set
What would be considered a categorical variable of interest for a credit approval decision for a requester?
What would be considered a categorical variable of interest for a credit approval decision for a requester?
Answer: reject or accept credit approval
What uses the sum of squares between the objects in the cluster when measuring their distances?
What uses the sum of squares between the objects in the cluster when measuring their distances?
Answer: Ward's hierarchical clustering
How are divisive clustering different from agglomerative clustering?
How are divisive clustering different from agglomerative clustering?
Answer: Divise clustering separates n objects successively into finer groupings
What is an infeasible problem?
What is an infeasible problem?
Answer: There is no solution that simultaneously satisfies all the constraints
What would be used if Solver gives an error message that linearity is not satisfied?
What would be used if Solver gives an error message that linearity is not satisfied?
Answer: Use Automatic Scaling
What does it mean when a model has a unique optimal solution?
What does it mean when a model has a unique optimal solution?
Answer: there is exactly one solution that will result in the maximum or minimum objective
What type of approach to data mining would spam filtering for emails be?
What type of approach to data mining would spam filtering for emails be?
Answer: Classification
What is true if the coefficient of skewness is between .5 and 1?
What is true if the coefficient of skewness is between .5 and 1?
Answer: the skewness is considered to be moderate
What does a positive correlation coefficient indicate between two variables?
What does a positive correlation coefficient indicate between two variables?
Answer: a linear relationship exists for which one variable increases as the other one also increases
What is a measure of the linear association between two variable, X and Y?
What is a measure of the linear association between two variable, X and Y?
Answer: Co-variance
What refers to the peakedness or flatness of a histogram?
What refers to the peakedness or flatness of a histogram?
Answer: kurtosis
What describes a positively skewed histogram?
What describes a positively skewed histogram?
Answer: A histogram that tails off toward the right
What does a z-score of 1.0 mean?
What does a z-score of 1.0 mean?
Answer: the observation is 1.0 standard deviations to the right of the mean
What does a negative z score mean?
What does a negative z score mean?
Answer: that the Xi value lies to the left of the mean
Is the formula to calculate variance of a population the same as the formula to calculate variance of a sample?
Is the formula to calculate variance of a population the same as the formula to calculate variance of a sample?
Answer: NO
What a an example of a measure of dispersion?
What a an example of a measure of dispersion?
Answer: Variance
What is the difference between a mean and a median?
What is the difference between a mean and a median?
Answer: A median is not affected by outliers but a mean is.
What function returns the relative position of an item in an array that equals a specified value in a specific order?
What function returns the relative position of an item in an array that equals a specified value in a specific order?
Answer: MATCH(lookup_value,lookup_array,match_type)
What function returns a value or reference of the cell at the intersection of a particular row and column in a given range?
What function returns a value or reference of the cell at the intersection of a particular row and column in a given range?
Answer: INDEX(array,row_num,col_num)
What is a logical function that returns TRUE if any condition is true and FALSE if not?
What is a logical function that returns TRUE if any condition is true and FALSE if not?
Answer: OR(condition 1, condition 2)
What is a logical function that returns one value if the condition is true and another value if the condition is false?
What is a logical function that returns one value if the condition is true and another value if the condition is false?
Answer: IF(condition, value if true, value if false)
What can be used to quickly create cross-tabulations?
What can be used to quickly create cross-tabulations?
Answer: PivotTable
What Excel function would compute the kth percentile of data in the range specified in the array field, where k is in the range 0 to 1, inclusive.
What Excel function would compute the kth percentile of data in the range specified in the array field, where k is in the range 0 to 1, inclusive.
Answer: PERCENTILE.INC(array,k)
What chart would show three-dimensional data?
What chart would show three-dimensional data?
Answer: Surface chart
What type of chart provides a useful means for displaying data over time?
What type of chart provides a useful means for displaying data over time?
Answer: Line chart
If, in a spreadsheet, cells B9 and B10 were empty, what formula should be entered into B8 so that the formula can be dragged to B9 and B10 to obtain their correct values
If, in a spreadsheet, cells B9 and B10 were empty, what formula should be entered into B8 so that the formula can be dragged to B9 and B10 to obtain their correct values
Answer: $B$4-$B$5*$A8
What symbol is used to represent exponents in Excel?
What symbol is used to represent exponents in Excel?
Answer: ^
A company that does not keep track of increases and decreases of individual inventory items uses a ________ system.
A company that does not keep track of increases and decreases of individual inventory items uses a ________ system.
Answer: Periodic
In REA terminology, a relationship between a pair of events one of which increases a resource and one of which decreases another resource is called a
In REA terminology, a relationship between a pair of events one of which increases a resource and one of which decreases another resource is called a
Answer: Duality
During database implementation, a many-to-many relationship between two entities is implemented by creating _____.
During database implementation, a many-to-many relationship between two entities is implemented by creating _____.
Answer: a table with a composite primary key
Which of the following is the correct journal entry to account for a payment to a vendor for a previous purchase on account?
Which of the following is the correct journal entry to account for a payment to a vendor for a previous purchase on account?
Answer:
DR: A/P
CR: Cash
In a computer systems flowchart, a rectangle indicates:
In a computer systems flowchart, a rectangle indicates:
Answer: A computer process
The key distinction between an information process and a business process is that only the latter ______.
The key distinction between an information process and a business process is that only the latter ______.
Answer: Actually creates information
In REA models, external agents _________ in relationships.
In REA models, external agents _________ in relationships.
Answer: Participate
In REA models, internal agents _______ in relationships.
In REA models, internal agents _______ in relationships.
Answer: control
In REA terminology, a duality relationship is between?
In REA terminology, a duality relationship is between?
Answer: Two related events
In REA terminology, a stock-flow relationship is between?
In REA terminology, a stock-flow relationship is between?
Answer: A resource and an event
In a computer systems flowchart, a dashed arrow with text in an open-ended rectangle is used to indicate?
In a computer systems flowchart, a dashed arrow with text in an open-ended rectangle is used to indicate?
Answer: An annotation
What are information flows indicated by in a computer systems flowchart?
What are information flows indicated by in a computer systems flowchart?
Answer: Dotted Arrows
What are data flows indicated by in a computer systems flowchart?
What are data flows indicated by in a computer systems flowchart?
Answer: Solid Arrows
If an asset increase in value by $100, for the accounting equation to remain in balance, which of the following must occur?
If an asset increase in value by $100, for the accounting equation to remain in balance, which of the following must occur?
Answer: $100 increase in a liability account
What would be the journal entry to account for a customer payment of a previously billed sales invoice?
What would be the journal entry to account for a customer payment of a previously billed sales invoice?
Answer:
DR: Cash
CR: A/R
What type of inventory system does a company use if they keep track of increases and decreases of individual inventory items?
What type of inventory system does a company use if they keep track of increases and decreases of individual inventory items?
Answer: Perpetual
What type of analytics is primarily looking backward?
What type of analytics is primarily looking backward?
Answer: Descriptive Analytics
Which decision model incorporates the process of optimization?
Which decision model incorporates the process of optimization?
Answer: Prescriptive
What is an example of a measure with continuous metrics?
What is an example of a measure with continuous metrics?
Answer: Weight and volume of a sheet of steel
The hope is that systems which _____ complex video games will be highly general, with applications outside of games.
The hope is that systems which _____ complex video games will be highly general, with applications outside of games.
Answer: solve
Relative to previous AI milestones like Chess or Go, complex video games start to capture the _____ and continuous nature of the real world.
Relative to previous AI milestones like Chess or Go, complex video games start to capture the _____ and continuous nature of the real world.
Answer: messiness
One AI milestone is to exceed _____ in a complex video game like StarCraft or Dota.
One AI milestone is to exceed _____ in a complex video game like StarCraft or Dota.
Answer: human capabilities
Follow us on Twitch to view the live broadcast, or request an invite to attend _____!
Follow us on Twitch to view the live broadcast, or request an invite to attend _____!
Answer: in person
To benchmark our progress, we'll _____ a match versus top players on August 5th.
To benchmark our progress, we'll _____ a match versus top players on August 5th.
Answer: host
This indicates that reinforcement learning can yield _____ with large but achievable scale — without fundamental advances, contrary to our own expectations upon starting the project.
This indicates that reinforcement learning can yield _____ with large but achievable scale — without fundamental advances, contrary to our own expectations upon starting the project.
Answer: long-term planning
Using a separate LSTM for each hero and no human data, it learns recognizable _____.
Using a separate LSTM for each hero and no human data, it learns recognizable _____.
Answer: strategies
It trains using a scaled-up version of Proximal Policy Optimization running on 256 GPUs and 128,000 CPU cores — a larger-scale version of the system we built to play the much-simpler _____ of the game last year.
It trains using a scaled-up version of Proximal Policy Optimization running on 256 GPUs and 128,000 CPU cores — a larger-scale version of the system we built to play the much-simpler _____ of the game last year.
Answer: solo variant
OpenAI Five plays 180 years worth of games _____ every day, learning via self-play.
OpenAI Five plays 180 years worth of games _____ every day, learning via self-play.
Answer: against itself
We may not succeed: Dota 2 is one of the most _____ esports games in the world, with creative and motivated professionals who train year-round to earn part of Dota's annual $40M prize pool (the largest of any esports game).
We may not succeed: Dota 2 is one of the most _____ esports games in the world, with creative and motivated professionals who train year-round to earn part of Dota's annual $40M prize pool (the largest of any esports game).
Answer: popular and complex
While today we play with _____, we aim to beat a team of top professionals at The International in August subject only to a limited set of heroes.
While today we play with _____, we aim to beat a team of top professionals at The International in August subject only to a limited set of heroes.
Answer: restrictions
Our team of five _____, OpenAI Five, has started to defeat amateur human teams at Dota 2.
Our team of five _____, OpenAI Five, has started to defeat amateur human teams at Dota 2.
Answer: neural networks
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